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- 4th August 1992
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- Support Group Application Note
- Number: 041
- Issue: 3
- Author:
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-
- Master 128 Welcome Guide Addendum
-
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- Applicable Hardware: BBC Master 128
-
- Related Application Notes:
-
-
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- Copyright (C) Acorn Computers Limited 1992
-
- Every effort has been made to ensure that the information in this leaflet is
- true and correct at the time of printing. However, the products described in
- this leaflet are subject to continuous development and improvements and
- Acorn Computers Limited reserves the right to change its specifications at
- any time. Acorn Computers Limited cannot accept liability for any loss or
- damage arising from the use of any information or particulars in this
- leaflet. ACORN, ECONET and ARCHIMEDES are trademarks of Acorn Computers
- Limited.
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Support Group
- Acorn Computers Limited
- Acorn House
- Vision Park
- Histon
- Cambridge CB4 4AE
- -----------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
-
- THE WELCOME DISC
-
- Unlike most software supplied by Acorn, the Welcome disc is not protected
- with a write protect tab. care must therefore be taken to ensure that the
- software supplied on the disc is not either overwritten or deleted.
-
- The disc is supplied without a write protect tab to allow the disc to be
- configured, where necessary, for use with an 80 track disc drive. It is
- recommended that the disc should be write protected as soon as possible
- which, if you will be using a 40 track drive, should be before the disc is
- used. If you will be using an 80 track disc drive, the write protect tab
- should not be put in place until after the first successful use of the
- WELCOME80 utility and the subsequent Welcome programs.
-
- NOTE: When the disc has been write protected, it will not be possible to
- add to the database provided with the DBASE program since this requires
- DBASE to write to the disc.
-
-
- BAS128
-
- This version of BBC BASIC gives the user access to a full 64K of memory for
- BASIC programs. A copy of BAS128 is supplied on both the Welcome cassette
- and the Welcome disc. On the cassette it is located towards the end of side
- two, on the disc it is located in the 80 track library.
-
- BAS128 is loaded from the disc by typing:
- *MOUNT <DRIVE NUMBER>
- *LIB LIBRARY
- *BAS128
-
- and from cassette by typing:
- *RUN BAS128
-
- The screen will be cleared and the banner BBC BASIC will appear together
- with a bytes free message 64K. The ">" prompt will be displayed and
- commands can be issued in the same way as for the ROM-based BASIC.
-
- If you are familiar with the use of BASIC and intend to write your own
- program, you may need to be aware of the technical differences between the
- ROM-based BASIC and the disc-based BAS128. The key point is that this disc
- based version of BBC BASIC is loaded into the RAM area in which a user
- program would normally reside. The 64K area of additional "sideways" RAM is
- then made available for other user program.
-
- The detailed differences between the two BASICs are as follows:
-
- 1. When using BAS128, the 64K of additional memory appears to be a
- continuous address space above the normal 64K address space of the computer.
- Thus addresses &000000 to &00FFFF refer to normal memory and addresses
- &010000 to &01FFFF refer to the 64K bytes of sideways RAM.
- PAGE defaults to &10000.
- HIMEM defaults to &20000
- Similarly, LOMEM and TOP are addressed in this way.
-
- 2. Indirection Operators.
- Statements such as DIM code 100 will assign a 17-bit value to "code".
- Indirection operators may then be used to read and write data into the area
- of memory reserved by the DIM statement; eg:
- !code=27128, PRINT code?3 or $(code+27)="HELLO"
- Indirection operators will address normal memory if the calculated pointer
- is in the range &000000 to &00FFFF and will address sideways RAM if the
- pointer is in the range &010000 to &01FFFF.
-
- 3. The Assembler.
- This will operate using O% and P% as 17-bit pointers.
-
- a) The Destination Pointer
- If the destination for the code is in the range &000000 to
- &00FFFF, then normal memory is referenced. Addresses from
- &01000 to &01FFFF refer to sideways RAM.
-
- b) The Program Counter
- The code produced is adjusted so that address references in the
- range &010000 to &01FFFF refer to sideways RAM addresses
- &008000 to &00BFFF. References from one bank of sideways
- RAM to another are trapped giving a BANK error eg:
- P%=&13F00 : [JSR &1CF34
- will give a BANK error.
- When compiling, any code generated over a bank boundary is
- trapped, resulting in a WRAP error. Thus, the maximum amount
- of code that can be generated at one time is 16Kbytes; eg:
- P%=&13FFC : [LDA #0 : TAY : SEC : SBC &70
- will give a WRAP error since execution cannot pass from one
- bank to the next directly
-
- 4. SHADOW mode will be forced on so that BAS128 can reside in RAM between
- &3000 and &8000. The remaining memory from OSHWM to &3000 may be used by
- BAS128 for workspace.
-
- 5. The LOAD, SAVE and CHAIN commands make use of the OSGBPB routine.
-
- 6. The following commands, which are available under BASIC IV are not
- implemented with BAS128:
- LIST IF
- EDIT
- EDIT IF
- Along with these commands, the TIME$ pseudo variable is not available from
- BAS128. For detailed information on these commands, please refer to the
- Welcome Guide.
-
-
- The CONVERT utility
-
- It is sometimes the case that software, which works correctly on a BBC micro
- model B, will not work on a Master Series computer. the reason for this
- will usually be found in the way in which the software is written. Because
- of the need for extra space, or a non-standard operation, software authors
- may use areas of memory not normally provided for them. it may also be the
- case that the software relied on a specific hardware feature, peculiar to
- only one of the BBC Micro range.
-
- The Convert utility can often help in such cases by intercepting certain
- types of routine known to be used in some software. Unfortunately it is not
- possible to trap all of these routines and it is inevitable that some
- software will still not work even when the convert utility is used.
-
- This utility may be found in both the library on the Welcome disc and at the
- end of side two of the the Welcome cassette.
-
-
-
- To use the utility from the Welcome disc, enter the following:
- *MOUNT <DRIVE NUMBER>
- CHAIN "CONVERT"
-
- To use the utility from the Welcome cassette you should enter:
- CHAIN "CONVERT"
-
- Convert, which uses one of the 16K sideways RAM pages, will remain active
- until the machine is switched off.
-
-
- ERRATA:
-
- Please note that the program DBASE, as described on page 32 of the Welcome
- Guide, is NOT present on the Welcome cassette.
-
- When using TIMPAINT, the R key replaces the CTRL TAB command for the
- purposes of clearing the screen.
-
- On page 205 the phrase SHIFT+keypad 0 should read SHIFT+keypad 1.
-
-
-